Embedded Software Problems

C++ and very small memory pose diverse challenges. The Arduino runtime environment has its intricacies as well.

C++ is not Java - C++ can be harsh for people used to Java. Especially memory handling holds a number of surprises.
Memory Usage - The Arduino is small and powerful - and it all needs to fit in 32kB of flash and 2kB of RAM.
SoftwareSerial - Sounds great, causes frustration. Emulation thing that need to happen fast has limits.

Software Problems